Rife Two Bar
The match between rival Twins in myth and literature
I
"Everyone needs an enemy" – that word, heard two American men who did not know each other, sounded quite amazing to me all the time. Naturally, being used for language in general, I spoke "Man" means "person", as I never had the need for an enemy, I was very confused, until I remembered the theory of Robert Graves ancient mythology. In his book The White Goddess, explains the essence of the old theme of poetry, which is the story of the birth, life, death and resurrection of the god years, god, representing the seasons are sometimes divided into two: the God of the Waxing Year, and her sister and rival, the God of the years of graduate school. The first is the protagonist of the story, the second is the antagonist, and the integrity of the story, one can not exist without the other. At both sites of the year in which they find, kill others and always takes its place alongside the great goddess of nature, which is the mother of the twins, the lover and the murderer. Therefore, each of the two mythological needs your enemy as a whole person.
Remember that in ancient pagan mythology, none of the twins is good or bad, both are necessary to form a whole as has been the need winter day and the night needs the darkness to the light of the needs. There is a natural dichotomy exists in nature, where humans have tried to understand and interpret throughout its existence as Homo sapiens.
The idea of this rivalry for the love and power is best represented by the ancient Canaanite myth of Baal (meaning Maestro) and Mot (meaning death). The goddess Anat is the sister and the lover of both twins (the role of the mother is filled with the Mother Goddess Athrat / Astarte, Anat, while that the role of a murderer is subtly hidden, this myth was written after her original story of the powerful nature goddess individual). The story goes like this: the station spring, when all the low rainfall and vegetation begins to dry in this region of the eastern Mediterranean Sea coast, killing Baal word – which represents rain and green vegetation – and buried in a hidden place in the north where the sun never shines. In midsummer (the month of Tammuz, Baal Babylon counterpart), Anat with the help of the sun goddess, we find serious Baal, your body has on him and mourning. Then, the catch word of the form of dry wheat, reduced – that shoots – whipped him and his body was scattered like chaff in the wind like dust. In the fall, Baal returns to life, bring rains that cause the earth to soften and the green grass to grow, wheat grains (= maize), representing MOT bodies are buried in the bowels of the earth – for example planted – of which corn is always greener Baal's body, and the cycle begins again. It is clear here that the two stations years, and both aspects of maize are needed for life to exist and continue.
This pagan belief in the dichotomy years was so strong that in some places of myth and the connection between the goddess of love and political power has been used not only as a basis for the ritual, but also the reality. In his book The Greek Myths, Graves presents historical evidence of such politico-religious in some city-states of the former Greece, the pre-classic period, there were seasonal changes between pairs of leaders. One of these pairs is the twin beaver brothers and Pollux, the Dioscuri called ("twins") Trading on the throne of Sparta of the season after his death, the brothers have become gods and have been fixed in the sky as the stars on behalf of the Gemini Zodiac ("twins") sign.
The myth is symbolic for both reality and the ritual, and not always possible to distinguish between the two. In this Year European symbolizes the sacred king years younger wife priestess of the goddess of spring and summer, his rival brother, symbolizing the year below, is married the former priestess of the fall and winter, which is also the goddess of death. Ritual, when the sacred king marries the goddess of death, dying and becomes king of the underworld.
In my opinion, good literary history needs a conflict between a protagonist and an antagonist emerges from the theory of rivalry between the God of the waxing year And the God of the waning year. This idea is especially important literature in the 19th century. This is called the Romantic literature (as distinct from the more recent "novel romantic "). Two very important books are written by the Bronte sisters, Emily and Charlotte.
In the book Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, heroin Kathy is in love with Heathcliff, who is in her appearance and character of God or the death of the king of the underworld is black, wild, wild, and belongs to the lowest class possible. The myth is his party with the young Kathy impossible, since it represents the dark god of autumn, and she marries the beautiful Linton and beautiful, which is clearly the god of spring and light. Heathcliff wealth, penniless, wandering in distant lands and acquired large, then, however, more closely identified with Roman Pluton, the God of the rich Underworld. When Heathcliff returns, Kathy died, as if he brought death with it. But a dead woman in general it becomes the Goddess of Death, and also leads to his grave. Therefore, they should meet, how they have always been done one to the other inhabitants of the underworld, where Kathy is no longer young and pretty. It is, however, throughout history, who is holding the rule and the motivation of love and power.
Interestingly, the same year as Wuthering Heights, Emily's book was published (1847), Charlotte Jane Eire and was published – a book that is clearly based on the same subject. In this document, Rochester is the parallel of Heathcliff, the dark man and the wild which the protagonist falls in love, despite Rochester's high-born and more cultured than Heathcliff. His rival in the quest for the hand vicar Jane Rivers, which Parallels apparently Linton and cold in nature and logic. Jane Eire, however, differs from Kathy with her character much more decisive. She does not hesitate to choose Rochester, especially a kind heart, do not even have her disfigurement later, after rivers rejected bigotry. It is much more the figure of the Great Goddess that evil Kathy confusing, much less attractive in appearance. In both books, is a very strong sense of women's right to choose her lover without predejuice.
***
A variant of this myth appears in the old Egyptian mythology. Osiris, which was the counterpart of Baal as the god of vegetation and corn, was the brother and the lover of the great goddess Isis of nature. He was killed by Seth, who came from the desert and is, like the Canaanite Word, dry and arid, Seth was also supposed to want Isis itself. But the situation here is more complicated. After being killed, Osiris became god of the underworld, never Baal, but his son Horus as the replacement of the protagonist, is a sun god who kills for revenge for his father Seth. An interpretation of the myth relatively late Seth gives a bad man, not at first. The relationship between Osiris and her son Horus was expressed by the practice of the Egyptians to identify the living king, Pharaoh with Horus, while after his death, became "Osiris." Interestingly, Osiris, god of the underworld and therefore if by death has never been regarded as evil.
This classic is in Shakespeare's Hamlet, where the evil brother murdered rightful king and married his wife treacherous. Along with Egyptian mythology, Hamlet is necessary to avenge his father's betrayal and death of the wicked. Unlike Horus, son of Osiris, Hamlet is unable to do so, preferring instead to kill himself.
II
The idea Goddess may make her love think that she deserves – although it is true that depends on the change of seasons – gave the wrong time reputation as a treacherous person. This idea is very well presented in the myth Mesopotamian Gilgamesh: In a culture in which a king met his reign with a ritual marriage to the Goddess, King refuses Erekh Gimgamesh this union to the Great Goddess Ishtar, because it kills her lovers, and he feared for his life with her. Goddess angry, then, causes the king's friend Enkidu in bed with her priestess and kills, it deserves as the myth goes. The poem expresses the revolt, finally man against the current system, in which there is so much power given to the goddess of life. Again, no identification Enkidu Gilgamesh and that good and evil, the difference between the two is that there is a civilized king and the other as a wild animal – its clear the man's previous life, which is much more involved with nature and the goddess of nature that is Gilgamesh.
There is a new situation here where the female trio is regarded as a traitor with no consideration the symbolism of the Old, and the needs of nature and life in relationship with nature. It seems that the idea of the treacherous nature women have advanced in mythology with the progress of male power over women, as the Babylonian myth of youth (newcomer) God Mardukh kill the Great Goddess Tiamat, the mother of all beings. This disorder is expressed in a Welsh myth known where the struggle for supremacy between men and women is still ongoing.
The myth tells the story of Llew Llaw Gyffes, whose name is translated by Robert Graves "the lion with the steady hand" and by others as "Lugh (god of the sun) with long arm. Llew mother Arianrhod Graves identified the Greek goddess of the nature of Ariane, but the evolution of the scene in Wales, which has limited authority over man and nature, be under the reign of his uncle, the Math Magician. Arianrhod gives birth to Llew without a husband to his name, to demonstrate his independence from male domination and raises the ire of their male relatives. It puts obstacles in the way of your child a name, carry weapons or make an earthly woman, but was persuaded by her uncle and cousin who Gwydion. The woman, Blodeuwedd, is made of flowers and therefore a suitable bride for the young hero, whose name means lion that the representative spring sun, but she betrays San Juan, giving his love to his host Gronw Pebyr, not only after his love, but then also Llew of the property. Gronw kills its host, which becomes an eagle, whose meat is eaten by a pig – another figure of the goddess in charge of Death and inspiration. Blodeuwedd, whose name means "owl", so also identified with the goddess of wisdom, flies in the form of the bird. Finally, Gwydion is Llew, saved and returned to his property, which in turn kills Gronw. This story is a mixture of elements of the old mythological and later men rule over them. Here, although Gronw that kills its host is nowhere part of the "evil", she is definitely considered a traitor to her husband and society.
III
The idea of the two representatives year's figures of good and evil seems to be rooted in the Zoroastrian religion of Persia. Here, the old dichotomy was represented by the rivalry between Ahura Mazda, god of light and all good things, and Ahrimon, god of darkness and evil at all. The idea was taken over by early Christianity, probably in Rome, where the Persians were ideas very common, and deepened to become the foundation upon which has built this new religion. The entity in power the world was divided between God and Satan in heaven hell (hell), with the traitor Woman taking their toll on all the evil, unless it refrains from using the power of their sexual attractiveness.
This idea was well established in medieval times, appearing in many fairy tales that were popular literature during the period. One of his representatives, is the classic book of The Thousand and One Nights and his most famous stories is that of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves. In this story, as in many other tales which appear, for example, in The Brothers Grimm "collection one brother is rich and evil, the other is bad, but good (rich and poor, as mentioned, the fit the character of the Roman god Pluto Underworld). The poor and good brother is, of course, the hero of the story, and it is he who finds a treasure thieves, killing himself rich but still greedy brother. An interesting character plays the role of the goddess in this tale, in the face of slave approved Marjanah (which, in translation, is called one or Marianna Morganna – both names of the Great Goddess). With her beauty and wisdom, allowed Ali Baba to win their fight against the cruel thieves, in the end gives the son of Ali Baba as a woman and gain an important place in society. This strong woman finally takes the side of "good" in this story.
Two of the 19th century. romance novels mentioned above have used the idea that when a woman has two potential lovers, should be good and evil to others, the choice of women among the defined her as innocent or as a traitor. One of these books is Count of Monte Cristo, where to get Mercedes, the woman he loves, Fernando becomes his rival, the pure heart of Edmond Dantes, who is supposed to be his friend, authorities French traitor and supporter of the rule in the exile of Napoleon Bonaparte. Dantes escapes from prison his grave, and in the face of Monte Cristo comes from Fernando. Mercedes who had married Ferdinand in the absence of Dantes, is considered a traitor, until he discovers that she has said that he was dead. His own doubts about her actions led to the end, the neutral site of a convent. El Dantes became rich with his actions of revenge, should be identified as evil. The story oscillates between good and evil forms changing rather than a convoluted presentation of love and power game.
Persuasion Jane Austen is much simpler than that, and the parties of good and evil are clearly defined in it. The criminal is the cousin of Anne Elliot, who discovered that a dishonest man who had made his fortune in an indirect manner. Her other suitor is the right Captain Wentworth, who earned his money honestly. Anne, the heroine, in fact in his hand the power of happiness for one of these men, and in the end, she did the right choice to be the best for her. In this book, a thirst for riches is the symbol of the underworld and evil is, in fact, the power behind the scenes really determine who is right and wrong.
IV
There is an evolution that can be clearly seen in the various stages of the ancient myths, fairy fairy medieval and modern literature, especially regarding the position of women between the two rivals and different ideas about love competing good and evil and the power it gives. When the goddess of nature itself decided that it was good or bad, but the necessities of existence with the progress of moral monotheistic religions, and the worsening situation of women in society, there was a change in these ideas, which have been well articulated in the literatures of all periods, and – I may dare to say – that plague us today.
REFERENCES
Robert Graves – The White Goddess
Robert Graves – The Greek myth
The Arabian Nights
William Shakespeare – Hamlet
Heights by Emily Bronte – Wuthering Heights
Charlotte Bronte – Jane Eire
Jane Austen – Persuasion
Alexander Dumas – The Count of Monte Cristo
http://www.themystica.org/mythical-folk/articles/Baal.html
About the Author
I live in Israel and I hold an M.Phil. degree in literature from the London University,
having studied both Hebrew and English languages and literature for B.A.. I taught these subjects before I became a full time writer. My main interest is mythology, but I write also fantasy and science fiction stories, novellas and books, and had many of them published in print and on the Net, both in Hebrew and English. Among works of mine published on the Net and in print are Minstrel in the Forest and The Myth of Tristan and Isolde. editor@thewriterseyemagazine.com
CvB4PC_1b (The Eye Of Fatima, Part 2)
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